OpenGL Programlamaya giriş

Baslangicta OpenGL kutuphaneleri arasinda ikincil kutuphanesi olan AUX bulunmaktaydi.Herhangi baska bir cevre(Unix,Windows) ile kafanizi dagitmadan OpenGL programlamak icin bu kutuphaneyi kullanmaniz gerekiyordu.Kullanisli uygulamalar gerceklestirmek icin gerekli olan GUI bilesenleri bu kutuphanede bulunmamaktaydi.

Birkac yil oncesine kadar webde bulunan cogu OpenGL ornekleri AUX kullanilarak yazilmistir.AUX un Windows implementasyonlari hataya yatkin ve genellikle coken orneklere sahiptirler.Bugun AUX uygulama ve orneklerde yerini GLUT kutuphanesine birakmaktadir.GLUT in acilimi OpenGL islev araci dir ve GLU ile karistirilmamalidir.(Cunku GLU bir kutuphanedir). GUI ozelliklerin daha kullanilabilir olmasi icin gelistirilen bu arac X Window uzeirnde OpenGL gelistirmenin daha uygulanabilir olmasi pop-up menulerin eklenmesi ek pencere yonetim destekleri ve joystick uygulamalarini daha iyi bir sekilde desteklemektedir.

Bu dersleri anlatmaya devam ettikce simdilik size GLUt kutuphanesini kullanarak ornekler verecegim.Cunku GLUT ortamini kurmasi AUX tan hem daha kolaydir ve de GLUT kullanmak temel Windows tabanli programlama bilgisi gerekliligini en aza indirmektedir. bbt.baskent.edu.tr adresinde bulunan kucuk openGL demosunun kaynak kodunu gorenler bu kodun Windows kodunun kontroluyle oldukca mesgul oldugunu goreceklerdir.

Programlama ortaminizi yaratmak

Sunu oncelikle belirtmeliyim ki OpenGL programlamak icin kesinlikle en iyi ortam diye bir sey soz konusu degildir.Ve ben size tüm ortamlar hakkinde bilgi veremem.Size daha onceden de belirttigim gibi OpenGL yi Visual C++ kullanarak programlamayi gosterecegim.Bunun icin Visual C++ derleyicisine ihtiyaciniz olacak.Bu lisansli bir programlama dilidir ve fiyati oldukca yuksektir.Bunu edinmenin bir yolunu bulmalisiniz.Bendeki versiyonu 6.0 dir.(Visual Studio 6.0 olarak da gecer)

Bundan sonrasi izleyen sekildedir.Asagida yapmaniz gerekn islemleri ve daha sonra gereken dosyalarla ilgili linkleri koyacagim.

glut32.lib dosyasinin programlama dilinizin kuruldugu yerde bulunan LIB klasorune konmasi gerekmektedir. glut.h dosyasinin programlama dilinizin kuruldugu yerde bulunan INCLUDE klasorunun icerisine(glu.h ve gl.h baslik dosyalarinin oldugu) konmasi gerekmektedir.

C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Lib yoluna ve GLUT.H dosyasi icinse C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VC98\Include\GL yoluna kopyalanmak suretiyle tamamlanmaktadir.

#ifndef __glut_h__
#define __glut_h__

/* Copyright (c) Mark J. Kilgard, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998. */

/* This program is freely distributable without licensing fees  and is
   provided without guarantee or warrantee expressed or  implied. This
   program is -not- in the public domain. */

#if defined(_WIN32)

/* GLUT 3.7 now tries to avoid including <windows.h>
   to avoid name space pollution, but Win32's <GL/gl.h> 
   needs APIENTRY and WINGDIAPI defined properly. */
# if 0
#  define  WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#  include <windows.h>
# else
   /* XXX This is from Win32's <windef.h> */
#  ifndef APIENTRY
#   define GLUT_APIENTRY_DEFINED
#   if (_MSC_VER >= 800) || defined(_STDCALL_SUPPORTED)
#    define APIENTRY    __stdcall
#   else
#    define APIENTRY
#   endif
#  endif
   /* XXX This is from Win32's <winnt.h> */
#  ifndef CALLBACK
#   if (defined(_M_MRX000) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_ALPHA) || defined(_M_PPC)) && !defined(MIDL_PASS)
#    define CALLBACK __stdcall
#   else
#    define CALLBACK
#   endif
#  endif
   /* XXX This is from Win32's <wingdi.h> and <winnt.h> */
#  ifndef WINGDIAPI
#   define GLUT_WINGDIAPI_DEFINED
#   define WINGDIAPI __declspec(dllimport)
#  endif
   /* XXX This is from Win32's <ctype.h> */
#  ifndef _WCHAR_T_DEFINED
typedef unsigned short wchar_t;
#   define _WCHAR_T_DEFINED
#  endif
# endif

#pragma comment (lib, "winmm.lib")     /* link with Windows MultiMedia lib */
#pragma comment (lib, "opengl32.lib")  /* link with Microsoft OpenGL lib */
#pragma comment (lib, "glu32.lib")     /* link with OpenGL Utility lib */
#pragma comment (lib, "glut32.lib")    /* link with Win32 GLUT lib */

#pragma warning (disable:4244)  /* Disable bogus conversion warnings. */
#pragma warning (disable:4305)  /* VC++ 5.0 version of above warning. */

#endif

#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>

/* define APIENTRY and CALLBACK to null string if we aren't on Win32 */
#if !defined(_WIN32)
#define APIENTRY
#define GLUT_APIENTRY_DEFINED
#define CALLBACK
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
 GLUT API revision history:
 
 GLUT_API_VERSION is updated to reflect incompatible GLUT
 API changes (interface changes, semantic changes, deletions,
 or additions).
 
 GLUT_API_VERSION=1  First public release of GLUT.  11/29/94

 GLUT_API_VERSION=2  Added support for OpenGL/GLX multisampling,
 extension.  Supports new input devices like tablet, dial and button
 box, and Spaceball.  Easy to query OpenGL extensions.

 GLUT_API_VERSION=3  glutMenuStatus added.

 GLUT_API_VERSION=4  glutInitDisplayString, glutWarpPointer,
 glutBitmapLength, glutStrokeLength, glutWindowStatusFunc, dynamic
 video resize subAPI, glutPostWindowRedisplay, glutKeyboardUpFunc,
 glutSpecialUpFunc, glutIgnoreKeyRepeat, glutSetKeyRepeat,
 glutJoystickFunc, glutForceJoystickFunc (NOT FINALIZED!).
**/
#ifndef GLUT_API_VERSION  /* allow this to be overriden */
#define GLUT_API_VERSION    3
#endif

/**
 GLUT implementation revision history:
 
 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION is updated to reflect both GLUT
 API revisions and implementation revisions (ie, bug fixes).

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=1  mjk's first public release of
 GLUT Xlib-based implementation.  11/29/94

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=2  mjk's second public release of
 GLUT Xlib-based implementation providing GLUT version 2 
 interfaces.

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=3  mjk's GLUT 2.2 images. 4/17/95

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=4  mjk's GLUT 2.3 images. 6/?/95

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=5  mjk's GLUT 3.0 images. 10/?/95

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=7  mjk's GLUT 3.1+ with glutWarpPoitner.  7/24/96

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=8  mjk's GLUT 3.1+ with glutWarpPoitner
 and video resize.  1/3/97

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=9 mjk's GLUT 3.4 release with early GLUT 4 routines.

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=11 Mesa 2.5's GLUT 3.6 release.

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=12 mjk's GLUT 3.6 release with early GLUT 4 routines + signal handling.

 GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION=13 mjk's GLUT 3.7 release with GameGLUT support.
**/
#ifndef GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION  /* Allow this to be overriden. */
#define GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION  13
#endif

/* Display mode bit masks. */
#define GLUT_RGB      0
#define GLUT_RGBA      GLUT_RGB
#define GLUT_INDEX      1
#define GLUT_SINGLE      0
#define GLUT_DOUBLE      2
#define GLUT_ACCUM      4
#define GLUT_ALPHA      8
#define GLUT_DEPTH      16
#define GLUT_STENCIL      32
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
#define GLUT_MULTISAMPLE    128
#define GLUT_STEREO      256
#endif
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
#define GLUT_LUMINANCE      512
#endif

/* Mouse buttons. */
#define GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON    0
#define GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON    1
#define GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON    2

/* Mouse button  state. */
#define GLUT_DOWN      0
#define GLUT_UP        1

#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
/* function keys */
#define GLUT_KEY_F1      1
#define GLUT_KEY_F2      2
#define GLUT_KEY_F3      3
#define GLUT_KEY_F4      4
#define GLUT_KEY_F5      5
#define GLUT_KEY_F6      6
#define GLUT_KEY_F7      7
#define GLUT_KEY_F8      8
#define GLUT_KEY_F9      9
#define GLUT_KEY_F10      10
#define GLUT_KEY_F11      11
#define GLUT_KEY_F12      12
/* directional keys */
#define GLUT_KEY_LEFT      100
#define GLUT_KEY_UP      101
#define GLUT_KEY_RIGHT      102
#define GLUT_KEY_DOWN      103
#define GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP    104
#define GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN    105
#define GLUT_KEY_HOME      106
#define GLUT_KEY_END      107
#define GLUT_KEY_INSERT      108
#endif

/* Entry/exit  state. */
#define GLUT_LEFT      0
#define GLUT_ENTERED      1

/* Menu usage  state. */
#define GLUT_MENU_NOT_IN_USE    0
#define GLUT_MENU_IN_USE    1

/* Visibility  state. */
#define GLUT_NOT_VISIBLE    0
#define GLUT_VISIBLE      1

/* Window status  state. */
#define GLUT_HIDDEN      0
#define GLUT_FULLY_RETAINED    1
#define GLUT_PARTIALLY_RETAINED    2
#define GLUT_FULLY_COVERED    3

/* Color index component selection values. */
#define GLUT_RED      0
#define GLUT_GREEN      1
#define GLUT_BLUE      2

/* Layers for use. */
#define GLUT_NORMAL      0
#define GLUT_OVERLAY      1

#if defined(_WIN32)
/* Stroke font constants (use these in GLUT program). */
#define GLUT_STROKE_ROMAN    ((void*)0)
#define GLUT_STROKE_MONO_ROMAN    ((void*)1)

/* Bitmap font constants (use these in GLUT program). */
#define GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15    ((void*)2)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13    ((void*)3)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10  ((void*)4)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24  ((void*)5)
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10  ((void*)6)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12  ((void*)7)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18  ((void*)8)
#endif
#else
/* Stroke font opaque addresses (use constants instead in source code). */
extern void *glutStrokeRoman;
extern void *glutStrokeMonoRoman;

/* Stroke font constants (use these in GLUT program). */
#define GLUT_STROKE_ROMAN    (&glutStrokeRoman)
#define GLUT_STROKE_MONO_ROMAN    (&glutStrokeMonoRoman)

/* Bitmap font opaque addresses (use constants instead in source code). */
extern void *glutBitmap9By15;
extern void *glutBitmap8By13;
extern void *glutBitmapTimesRoman10;
extern void *glutBitmapTimesRoman24;
extern void *glutBitmapHelvetica10;
extern void *glutBitmapHelvetica12;
extern void *glutBitmapHelvetica18;

/* Bitmap font constants (use these in GLUT program). */
#define GLUT_BITMAP_9_BY_15    (&glutBitmap9By15)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_8_BY_13    (&glutBitmap8By13)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_10  (&glutBitmapTimesRoman10)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24  (&glutBitmapTimesRoman24)
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_10  (&glutBitmapHelvetica10)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_12  (&glutBitmapHelvetica12)
#define GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18  (&glutBitmapHelvetica18)
#endif
#endif

/* glutGet parameters. */
#define GLUT_WINDOW_X      100
#define GLUT_WINDOW_Y      101
#define GLUT_WINDOW_WIDTH    102
#define GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT    103
#define GLUT_WINDOW_BUFFER_SIZE    104
#define GLUT_WINDOW_STENCIL_SIZE  105
#define GLUT_WINDOW_DEPTH_SIZE    106
#define GLUT_WINDOW_RED_SIZE    107
#define GLUT_WINDOW_GREEN_SIZE    108
#define GLUT_WINDOW_BLUE_SIZE    109
#define GLUT_WINDOW_ALPHA_SIZE    110
#define GLUT_WINDOW_ACCUM_RED_SIZE  111
#define GLUT_WINDOW_ACCUM_GREEN_SIZE  112
#define GLUT_WINDOW_ACCUM_BLUE_SIZE  113
#define GLUT_WINDOW_ACCUM_ALPHA_SIZE  114
#define GLUT_WINDOW_DOUBLEBUFFER  115
#define GLUT_WINDOW_RGBA    116
#define GLUT_WINDOW_PARENT    117
#define GLUT_WINDOW_NUM_CHILDREN  118
#define GLUT_WINDOW_COLORMAP_SIZE  119
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
#define GLUT_WINDOW_NUM_SAMPLES    120
#define GLUT_WINDOW_STEREO    121
#endif
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
#define GLUT_WINDOW_CURSOR    122
#endif
#define GLUT_SCREEN_WIDTH    200
#define GLUT_SCREEN_HEIGHT    201
#define GLUT_SCREEN_WIDTH_MM    202
#define GLUT_SCREEN_HEIGHT_MM    203
#define GLUT_MENU_NUM_ITEMS    300
#define GLUT_DISPLAY_MODE_POSSIBLE  400
#define GLUT_INIT_WINDOW_X    500
#define GLUT_INIT_WINDOW_Y    501
#define GLUT_INIT_WINDOW_WIDTH    502
#define GLUT_INIT_WINDOW_HEIGHT    503
#define GLUT_INIT_DISPLAY_MODE    504
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
#define GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME    700
#endif
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 13)
#define GLUT_WINDOW_FORMAT_ID    123
#endif

#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
/* glutDeviceGet parameters. */
#define GLUT_HAS_KEYBOARD    600
#define GLUT_HAS_MOUSE      601
#define GLUT_HAS_SPACEBALL    602
#define GLUT_HAS_DIAL_AND_BUTTON_BOX  603
#define GLUT_HAS_TABLET      604
#define GLUT_NUM_MOUSE_BUTTONS    605
#define GLUT_NUM_SPACEBALL_BUTTONS  606
#define GLUT_NUM_BUTTON_BOX_BUTTONS  607
#define GLUT_NUM_DIALS      608
#define GLUT_NUM_TABLET_BUTTONS    609
#endif
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 13)
#define GLUT_DEVICE_IGNORE_KEY_REPEAT   610
#define GLUT_DEVICE_KEY_REPEAT          611
#define GLUT_HAS_JOYSTICK    612
#define GLUT_OWNS_JOYSTICK    613
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_BUTTONS    614
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_AXES    615
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_POLL_RATE    616
#endif

#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
/* glutLayerGet parameters. */
#define GLUT_OVERLAY_POSSIBLE           800
#define GLUT_LAYER_IN_USE    801
#define GLUT_HAS_OVERLAY    802
#define GLUT_TRANSPARENT_INDEX    803
#define GLUT_NORMAL_DAMAGED    804
#define GLUT_OVERLAY_DAMAGED    805

#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 9)
/* glutVideoResizeGet parameters. */
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_POSSIBLE  900
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_IN_USE  901
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_X_DELTA  902
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_Y_DELTA  903
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_WIDTH_DELTA  904
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_HEIGHT_DELTA  905
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_X    906
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_Y    907
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_WIDTH    908
#define GLUT_VIDEO_RESIZE_HEIGHT  909
#endif

/* glutUseLayer parameters. */
#define GLUT_NORMAL      0
#define GLUT_OVERLAY      1

/* glutGetModifiers return mask. */
#define GLUT_ACTIVE_SHIFT               1
#define GLUT_ACTIVE_CTRL                2
#define GLUT_ACTIVE_ALT                 4

/* glutSetCursor parameters. */
/* Basic arrows. */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_RIGHT_ARROW    0
#define GLUT_CURSOR_LEFT_ARROW    1
/* Symbolic cursor shapes. */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_INFO    2
#define GLUT_CURSOR_DESTROY    3
#define GLUT_CURSOR_HELP    4
#define GLUT_CURSOR_CYCLE    5
#define GLUT_CURSOR_SPRAY    6
#define GLUT_CURSOR_WAIT    7
#define GLUT_CURSOR_TEXT    8
#define GLUT_CURSOR_CROSSHAIR    9
/* Directional cursors. */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_UP_DOWN    10
#define GLUT_CURSOR_LEFT_RIGHT    11
/* Sizing cursors. */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_TOP_SIDE    12
#define GLUT_CURSOR_BOTTOM_SIDE    13
#define GLUT_CURSOR_LEFT_SIDE    14
#define GLUT_CURSOR_RIGHT_SIDE    15
#define GLUT_CURSOR_TOP_LEFT_CORNER  16
#define GLUT_CURSOR_TOP_RIGHT_CORNER  17
#define GLUT_CURSOR_BOTTOM_RIGHT_CORNER  18
#define GLUT_CURSOR_BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER  19
/* Inherit from parent window. */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_INHERIT    100
/* Blank cursor. */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_NONE    101
/* Fullscreen crosshair (if available). */
#define GLUT_CURSOR_FULL_CROSSHAIR  102
#endif

/* GLUT initialization sub-API. */
extern void APIENTRY glutInit(int *argcp, char **argv);
extern void APIENTRY glutInitDisplayMode(unsigned int mode);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 9)
extern void APIENTRY glutInitDisplayString(const char *string);
#endif
extern void APIENTRY glutInitWindowPosition(int x, int y);
extern void APIENTRY glutInitWindowSize(int width, int height);
extern void APIENTRY glutMainLoop(void);

/* GLUT window sub-API. */
extern int APIENTRY glutCreateWindow(const char *title);
extern int APIENTRY glutCreateSubWindow(int win, int x, int y, int width, int height);
extern void APIENTRY glutDestroyWindow(int win);
extern void APIENTRY glutPostRedisplay(void);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 11)
extern void APIENTRY glutPostWindowRedisplay(int win);
#endif
extern void APIENTRY glutSwapBuffers(void);
extern int APIENTRY glutGetWindow(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetWindow(int win);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetWindowTitle(const char *title);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetIconTitle(const char *title);
extern void APIENTRY glutPositionWindow(int x, int y);
extern void APIENTRY glutReshapeWindow(int width, int height);
extern void APIENTRY glutPopWindow(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutPushWindow(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutIconifyWindow(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutShowWindow(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutHideWindow(void);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
extern void APIENTRY glutFullScreen(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetCursor(int cursor);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 9)
extern void APIENTRY glutWarpPointer(int x, int y);
#endif

/* GLUT overlay sub-API. */
extern void APIENTRY glutEstablishOverlay(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutRemoveOverlay(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutUseLayer(GLenum layer);
extern void APIENTRY glutPostOverlayRedisplay(void);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 11)
extern void APIENTRY glutPostWindowOverlayRedisplay(int win);
#endif
extern void APIENTRY glutShowOverlay(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutHideOverlay(void);
#endif

/* GLUT menu sub-API. */
extern int APIENTRY glutCreateMenu(void (*)(int));
extern void APIENTRY glutDestroyMenu(int menu);
extern int APIENTRY glutGetMenu(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetMenu(int menu);
extern void APIENTRY glutAddMenuEntry(const char *label, int value);
extern void APIENTRY glutAddSubMenu(const char *label, int submenu);
extern void APIENTRY glutChangeToMenuEntry(int item, const char *label, int value);
extern void APIENTRY glutChangeToSubMenu(int item, const char *label, int submenu);
extern void APIENTRY glutRemoveMenuItem(int item);
extern void APIENTRY glutAttachMenu(int button);
extern void APIENTRY glutDetachMenu(int button);

/* GLUT window callback sub-API. */
extern void APIENTRY glutDisplayFunc(void (*func)(void));
extern void APIENTRY glutReshapeFunc(void (*func)(int width, int height));
extern void APIENTRY glutKeyboardFunc(void (*func)(unsigned char key, int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutMouseFunc(void (*func)(int button, int state, int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutMotionFunc(void (*func)(int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutPassiveMotionFunc(void (*func)(int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutEntryFunc(void (*func)(int state));
extern void APIENTRY glutVisibilityFunc(void (*func)(int state));
extern void APIENTRY glutIdleFunc(void (*func)(void));
extern void APIENTRY glutTimerFunc(unsigned int millis, void (*func)(int value), int value);
extern void APIENTRY glutMenuStateFunc(void (*func)(int state));
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
extern void APIENTRY glutSpecialFunc(void (*func)(int key, int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutSpaceballMotionFunc(void (*func)(int x, int y, int z));
extern void APIENTRY glutSpaceballRotateFunc(void (*func)(int x, int y, int z));
extern void APIENTRY glutSpaceballButtonFunc(void (*func)(int button, int state));
extern void APIENTRY glutButtonBoxFunc(void (*func)(int button, int state));
extern void APIENTRY glutDialsFunc(void (*func)(int dial, int value));
extern void APIENTRY glutTabletMotionFunc(void (*func)(int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutTabletButtonFunc(void (*func)(int button, int state, int x, int y));
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
extern void APIENTRY glutMenuStatusFunc(void (*func)(int status, int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutOverlayDisplayFunc(void (*func)(void));
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 9)
extern void APIENTRY glutWindowStatusFunc(void (*func)(int state));
#endif
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 13)
extern void APIENTRY glutKeyboardUpFunc(void (*func)(unsigned char key, int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutSpecialUpFunc(void (*func)(int key, int x, int y));
extern void APIENTRY glutJoystickFunc(void (*func)(unsigned int buttonMask, int x, int y, int z), int pollInterval);
#endif
#endif
#endif

/* GLUT color index sub-API. */
extern void APIENTRY glutSetColor(int, GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue);
extern GLfloat APIENTRY glutGetColor(int ndx, int component);
extern void APIENTRY glutCopyColormap(int win);

/* GLUT state retrieval sub-API. */
extern int APIENTRY glutGet(GLenum type);
extern int APIENTRY glutDeviceGet(GLenum type);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 2)
/* GLUT extension support sub-API */
extern int APIENTRY glutExtensionSupported(const char *name);
#endif
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 3)
extern int APIENTRY glutGetModifiers(void);
extern int APIENTRY glutLayerGet(GLenum type);
#endif

/* GLUT font sub-API */
extern void APIENTRY glutBitmapCharacter(void *font, int character);
extern int APIENTRY glutBitmapWidth(void *font, int character);
extern void APIENTRY glutStrokeCharacter(void *font, int character);
extern int APIENTRY glutStrokeWidth(void *font, int character);
#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 9)
extern int APIENTRY glutBitmapLength(void *font, const unsigned char *string);
extern int APIENTRY glutStrokeLength(void *font, const unsigned char *string);
#endif

/* GLUT pre-built models sub-API */
extern void APIENTRY glutWireSphere(GLdouble radius, GLint slices, GLint stacks);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidSphere(GLdouble radius, GLint slices, GLint stacks);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireCone(GLdouble base, GLdouble height, GLint slices, GLint stacks);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidCone(GLdouble base, GLdouble height, GLint slices, GLint stacks);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireCube(GLdouble size);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidCube(GLdouble size);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireTorus(GLdouble innerRadius, GLdouble outerRadius, GLint sides, GLint rings);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidTorus(GLdouble innerRadius, GLdouble outerRadius, GLint sides, GLint rings);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireDodecahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidDodecahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireTeapot(GLdouble size);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidTeapot(GLdouble size);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireOctahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidOctahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireTetrahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidTetrahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutWireIcosahedron(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutSolidIcosahedron(void);

#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 9)
/* GLUT video resize sub-API. */
extern int APIENTRY glutVideoResizeGet(GLenum param);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetupVideoResizing(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutStopVideoResizing(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutVideoResize(int x, int y, int width, int height);
extern void APIENTRY glutVideoPan(int x, int y, int width, int height);

/* GLUT debugging sub-API. */
extern void APIENTRY glutReportErrors(void);
#endif

#if (GLUT_API_VERSION >= 4 || GLUT_XLIB_IMPLEMENTATION >= 13)
/* GLUT device control sub-API. */
/* glutSetKeyRepeat modes. */
#define GLUT_KEY_REPEAT_OFF    0
#define GLUT_KEY_REPEAT_ON    1
#define GLUT_KEY_REPEAT_DEFAULT    2

/* Joystick button masks. */
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_BUTTON_A    1
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_BUTTON_B    2
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_BUTTON_C    4
#define GLUT_JOYSTICK_BUTTON_D    8

extern void APIENTRY glutIgnoreKeyRepeat(int ignore);
extern void APIENTRY glutSetKeyRepeat(int repeatMode);
extern void APIENTRY glutForceJoystickFunc(void);

/* GLUT game mode sub-API. */
/* glutGameModeGet. */
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_ACTIVE           0
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_POSSIBLE         1
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_WIDTH            2
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_HEIGHT           3
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_PIXEL_DEPTH      4
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_REFRESH_RATE     5
#define GLUT_GAME_MODE_DISPLAY_CHANGED  6

extern void APIENTRY glutGameModeString(const char *string);
extern int APIENTRY glutEnterGameMode(void);
extern void APIENTRY glutLeaveGameMode(void);
extern int APIENTRY glutGameModeGet(GLenum mode);
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}

#endif

#ifdef GLUT_APIENTRY_DEFINED
# undef GLUT_APIENTRY_DEFINED
# undef APIENTRY
#endif

#ifdef GLUT_WINGDIAPI_DEFINED
# undef GLUT_WINGDIAPI_DEFINED
# undef WINGDIAPI
#endif

#endif                  /* __glut_h__ */

Ilk programiniz

Evet simdi sira ilk OpenGL programinizi yazmaya geldi.Artik yukaridaki uc dosyayida indirdiginizi ve programlama dilinizin derleyicisinin de hazir oldugunu varsayiyorum.Eger bunlari yapmadiysaniz bundan sonrasina hic gecmeyin cunku yavas yavas ne yapacaginizi anlatacagim ve siz de bunlari okudukca uygulamalisiniz.

Simdi yapacagimiz her OpenGL ile yeni bir program hazirlama asamasinda yapmaniz gereken isleri icermektedir.Ilk olarak Visual Studio yu acip File dan New secenegini seciyoruz.Karsimiza cikacak olan ilk pencere asagidakinden farkli olarak ortadaki ufak pencerenin ustunde bulunan Files sekmesini gosterecektir.Siz bu sekmelerden gordugunuz uzere Workspaces i secip Blank Workspace i isaretlemelisiniz.Daha sonra sagda gordugunuz yere Workspace isminizi yazmalisiniz.Onun altinda bulunan location yeri calisma alaninizin bulundugu klasoru gostermektedir.Bilgisayarinizin suruculeri uzerinde istediginiz yeri secebilirsiniz.

Bu islemi tamamladiktan sonra sira workspace imize proje eklemeye geldi.Biz bir OpenGL projesine basladik bunun icin asagida sol kisimda bulunan Workspace imizi sacip uzerinde sag tusa basiyoruz.Ve gordugunuz uzere seceneklerden birine tikliyoruz.Su an elimizde hazir bir prje olmadigindan "Add New Project to Workspace" secenegine tikliyorum.

Yeni proje eklemek istedigimde karsima asagidaki pencere cikmaktadir.Burasi onemli bir kisimdir cunku OpenGL uygulamanizin girdigi proje kategorisi Win32 console application dir.Gordugunuz seceneklerden bunu secip projenize bir ism vermeniz gerkmektedir.İsmi sagda gordugunuz Project Name kismina yazacaksiniz.

Yukaridaki islemi tamamladiginizda solda gordugunuz listede projenizin ismini ve altinda sirayla Source Files,Header Files,ve son olarak Resource Files i goreceksiniz.Programinizi yazacaginiz kaynak kodu Source Files icinde bulunmalidir.Bunun icin soldaki pencereden Source Fİles in uzerine bir kere tiklayin ve mavi olarak secildigini gorun.Bunu yaptiktan sonra yukarida File dan yine yeni yi secin.Ortada asagida gordugunuz pencere acilacaktir.C++ Source file secenegini sectiginizde ve buna sagdan bir isim verdiginizde programinizi kodlamaya hazir hale geleceksiniz.Kaynak dosyanizin soldaki Source Files kalsorune otomatik olark eklendigini goreceksiniz.

Bu islemleri basariyla gerceklestirdi iseniz size birazdan verecegim kodu yazmaya baslayabilirsiniz.Arzu ederseniz yazmak yerine yukarıda source files a tikladiginizda File ve New u secmeyip size birazdan verecegim kaynak kodunu kullanabilirsiniz.Bunun icin yukaridaki goruntunun tersine soldaki source files uzerinde sag tusa basip "Add Files To Folder" secenegini secmelisiniz.Ve siteden indirdiginiz kaynak kodunu bilgisayarinizdan bulup secmelisiniz.Kaynak kodun eklendigini goreceksiniz ama ilk basta kendinizin oturup kodu yazmasi programlama bilenler icin bir on fikir olusturacagindan daha yararlidir.

#include <windows.h>
#include<gl/glut.h>

void RenderScene(void)
{
  glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
  glFlush();
}

void SetupRC(void)
{
  glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f,1.0f);
}

void main(void)
{
  glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB);
  glutCreateWindow("Herkese hayirli olsun");
  glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);
  SetupRC();

  glutMainLoop();
}

NE YAZIK KI hersey tamam degil.OpenGL kodunuzun calisabilmesi icin son bir isleme daha ihtiyaciniz var.Size bahsettigim ithalat kutuphanesinin derleyiciye bildirilmesi gerekmektedir.Bunu su sekilde yapacaksiniz.Ustte Project ten Settings e girmeniz gerekli.Ortada acilan pencerede Link sekmesini sececeksiniz.

Gordugunuz gibi ortada Object/Library Modules yazmaktadir.İste burasi kutuphanelerin derleyiciye bildirildigi yerdir.Bu yazi cubugunun sonuna resimde gordugunuz gibi araya bir bosluk birakarak glut32.lib yazmalisiniz.OK e bastiginiz anda artik hersey hazir;)

PROGRAMI CALISTIRIN

Simdi Build menusunden Build projeisminiz.exe yi secmelisiniz.Burada projeisminiz tabi ki sizin projenizin ismi(ilkproje,opengl,veya herhangi birsey).Eger en altta link isleminin sonunda 0 errors 0 warning yazar ise hersey yolunda demektir.Bundan sonra yine Build menüsünden Execute projeisminiz.exe yi secin.Ve iste ilk OpenGL programiniz süper calisiyor olmali.

Eger bunlari basaramadiysaniz yavasca ve sindirerek yeniden deneyin,yine olmazsa simdilik bana mail atin daha sonra siteye bir ziyretci defteri gibi birsey hazirlamayidusunuyorum oradan sorunlariniz alabilirim.Bundan sonraki derste kodu anlatmaya baslayacak ve diger orneklere gececegiz.Ancak bir projeyi baslatmak icin anlattigim herseyi yapabildiginizden emin olmalisiniz.

OpenGL Programlamaya giriş

GLUT kullanimi

Programlama ortaminizi yaratmak

Ilk programiniz

PROGRAMI CALISTIRIN

Dosya Listesi